Enum Module

Juha Heinanen

Otmar Lendl


Table of Contents
1. User's Guide
1.1. Overview
1.2. Dependencies
1.3. Exported Parameters
1.3.1. domain_suffix (string)
1.3.2. tel_uri_params (string)
1.3.3. i_enum_suffix (string)
1.3.4. branchlabel (string)
1.3.5. bl_algorithm (string)
1.4. Exported Functions
1.4.1. enum_query(["suffix"[,"service"]])
1.4.2. enum_fquery(["suffix"[,"service"]])
1.4.3. i_enum_query(["suffix"[,"service"]])
1.4.4. is_from_user_enum()
2. Developer's Guide
3. Frequently Asked Questions
List of Examples
1-1. Setting domain_suffix module parameter
1-2. Setting tel_uri_params module parameter
1-3. Setting i_enum_suffix module parameter
1-4. Setting brachlabel module parameter
1-5. Zone file example
1-6. Zone file example
1-7. Setting the bl_algorithm module parameter
1-8. enum_query usage
1-9. enum_fquery usage
1-10. is_from_user_enum usage

Chapter 1. User's Guide

1.1. Overview

Enum module implements [i_]enum_query functions that make an enum query based on the user part of the current Request-URI. These functions assume that the user part consists of an international phone number of the form +decimal-digits, where the number of digits is at least 2 and at most 15. Out of this number enum_query forms a domain name, where the digits are in reverse order and separated by dots followed by domain suffix that by default is "e164.arpa.". For example, if the user part is +35831234567, the domain name will be "7.6.5.4.3.2.1.3.8.5.3.e164.arpa.". i_enum_query operates in a similar fashion. The only difference is that it adds a label (default "i") to branch off from the default, user-ENUM tree to an infrastructure ENUM tree.

After forming the domain name, enum_query queries DNS for its NAPTR records. From the possible response enum_query chooses those records, whose flags field has string value "u", and whose services field has string value "e2u+[service:]sip" or "e2u+type[:subtype][+type[:subtype]...]" (case is ignored in both cases), and whose regexp field is of the form !pattern!replacement!.

Then enum_query sorts the chosen NAPTR records based on their <order, preference>. After sorting, enum_query replaces the current Request URI by applying regexp of the most preferred NAPTR record its user part and appends to the request new branches by applying regexp of each remaining NAPTR record to the user part of the current Request URI. If a new URI is a tel URI, enum_query appends to it as tel URI parameters the value of tel_uri_params module parameter. Finally, enum_query associates a q value with each new URI based on the <order, preference> of the corresponding NAPTR record.

When using enum_query without any parameters, it searches for NAPTRs with service type "e2u+sip" in the default enum tree. When using enum_query with a single parameter, this parameter will be used as enum tree. When using enum_query with two parameters, the functionality depends on the first letter in the second parameter. When the first letter is not a '+' sign, the second parameter will be used to search for NAPTRs with service type "e2u+parameter:sip". When the second parameter starts with a '+' sign, the ENUM lookup also supports compound NAPTRs (e.g. "e2u+voice:sip+video:sip") and searching for multiple service types within one lookup. Multiple service types must be separeted by a '+' sign.

Most of the time you want to route based on the RURI. On rare occasions you may wish to route based on the user part of the "From:" tag, analogous to source based policy routing in the ip world. The function enum_fquery mimics the behaviour of the enum_query function except the user part of the "From:" is used for the enum lookup instead of the user part of the RURI. Obviously the user part of the RURI is still used in the naptr regexp.

Enum query returns 1 if the current Request URI was replaced and -1 if not.

Enum module also implements is_from_user_enum function. This function does an enum lookup on the from user and returns true if found, false otherwise.


1.2. Dependencies

The module depends on the following modules (in the other words the listed modules must be loaded before this module):

  • No dependencies.


1.3. Exported Parameters

1.3.1. domain_suffix (string)

The domain suffix to be added to the domain name obtained from the digits of an E164 number. Can be overridden by a parameter to enum_query.

Default value is "e164.arpa."

Example 1-1. Setting domain_suffix module parameter

modparam("enum", "domain_suffix", "e1234.arpa.")

1.3.2. tel_uri_params (string)

A string whose contents is appended to each new tel URI in the request as tel URI parameters.

Note

Currently OpenSER does not support tel URIs. This means that at present tel_uri_params is appended as URI parameters to every URI.

Default value is ""

Example 1-2. Setting tel_uri_params module parameter

modparam("enum", "tel_uri_params", ";npdi")

1.3.3. i_enum_suffix (string)

The domain suffix to be used for i_enum_query() lookups. Can be overridden by a parameter to i_enum_query.

Default value is "e164.arpa."

Example 1-3. Setting i_enum_suffix module parameter

modparam("enum", "i_enum_suffix", "e1234.arpa.")

1.3.4. branchlabel (string)

This parameter determines which label i_enum_query() will use to branch off to the infrastructure ENUM tree.

Default value is ""i""

Example 1-4. Setting brachlabel module parameter

modparam("enum", "branchlabel", "i")

1.3.5. bl_algorithm (string)

This parameter determines which algorithm i_enum_query() will use to select the position in the DNS tree where the infrastructure tree branches off the user ENUM tree.

If set to "cc", i_enum_query() will always inserts the label at the country-code level. Examples: i.1.e164.arpa, i.3.4.e164.arpa, i.2.5.3.e164.arpa

If set to "txt", i_enum_query() will look for a TXT record at [branchlabel].[reverse-country-code].[i_enum_suffix] to indicate after how many digits the label should in inserted.

Example 1-5. Zone file example

i.1.e164.arpa.                     IN TXT   "4"
9.9.9.8.7.6.5.i.4.3.2.1.e164.arpa. IN NAPTR "naptr content for  +1 234 5678 999"

If set to "ebl", i_enum_query() will look for an EBL (ENUM Branch Label) record at [branchlabel].[reverse-country-code].[i_enum_suffix]. See http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-lendl-enum-branch-location-record-00.txt for a description of that record and the meaning of the fields. The RR type for the EBL has not been allocated yet. This version of the code uses 65300. See resolve.h.

Example 1-6. Zone file example

i.1.e164.arpa.     TYPE65300  \# 14 (
                              04    ; position
                              01 69 ; separator
                              04 65 31 36 34 04 61 72 70 61 00 ; e164.arpa
;                               )
9.9.9.8.7.6.5.i.4.3.2.1.e164.arpa. IN NAPTR "naptr content for  +1 234 5678 999"

Default value is "cc"

Example 1-7. Setting the bl_algorithm module parameter

modparam("enum", "bl_algorithm", "txt")

1.4. Exported Functions

1.4.1. enum_query(["suffix"[,"service"]])

The function performs an enum query and rewrites the Request-URI with the result of the query. See Section 1.1> for more information.

Meaning of the parameters is as follows:

  • suffix - Suffix to be appended to the domain name.

  • service - Service string to be used in the service field.

This function can be used from REQUEST_ROUTE.

Example 1-8. enum_query usage

...
# search for "e2u+sip" in freenum.org 
enum_query("freenum.org.");
...
# search for "e2u+sip" in default tree (configured as parameter)
enum_query();
...
# search for "e2u+voice:sip" in e164.arpa
enum_query("e164.arpa.","voice");
...
# search for service type "sip" or "voice:sip" or "video:sip"
# note the '+' sign in front of the second parameter
enum_query("e164.arpa.","+sip+voice:sip+video:sip");
...
# quering for service sip and voice:sip
enum_query("e164.arpa.");
enum_query("e164.arpa.","voice");
# or use instead
enum_query("e164.arpa.","+sip+voice:sip");
...

1.4.2. enum_fquery(["suffix"[,"service"]])

The function performs an enum query on the user part of the From: tag and rewrites the Request-URI with the result of the query. See Section 1.1> for more information.

Meaning of the parameters is as follows:

  • suffix - Suffix to be appended to the domain name.

  • service - Service string to be used in the service field.

This function can be used from REQUEST_ROUTE.

Example 1-9. enum_fquery usage

...
# search for "e2u+sip" in freenum.org 
enum_fquery("freenum.org.");
...
# search for "e2u+sip" in default tree (configured as parameter)
enum_fquery();
...
# search for "e2u+voice:sip" in e164.arpa
enum_fquery("e164.arpa.","voice");
...
# search for service type "sip" or "voice:sip" or "video:sip"
# note the '+' sign in front of the second parameter
enum_fquery("e164.arpa.","+sip+voice:sip+video:sip");
...
# quering for service sip and voice:sip
enum_fquery("e164.arpa.");
enum_fquery("e164.arpa.","voice");
# or use instead
enum_fquery("e164.arpa.","+sip+voice:sip");
...

1.4.3. i_enum_query(["suffix"[,"service"]])

The function performs an enum query and rewrites the Request-URI with the result of the query. This the Infrastructure-ENUM version of enum_query(). The only difference to enum_query() is in the calculation of the FQDN where NAPTR records are looked for.

See ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/internet-drafts/draft-haberler-carrier-enum-01.txt for the rationale behind this function.


1.4.4. is_from_user_enum()

Checks if the user part of from URI is found in an enum lookup. Returns 1 if yes and -1 if not.

This function can be used from REQUEST_ROUTE.

Example 1-10. is_from_user_enum usage

...
if (is_from_user_enum()) {
	....
};
...

Chapter 2. Developer's Guide

The module does not provide any API to use in other OpenSER modules.


Chapter 3. Frequently Asked Questions

3.1. Where can I find more about OpenSER?
3.2. Where can I post a question about this module?
3.3. How can I report a bug?

3.1. Where can I find more about OpenSER?

3.2. Where can I post a question about this module?

First at all check if your question was already answered on one of our mailing lists:

E-mails regarding any stable OpenSER release should be sent to and e-mails regarding development versions should be sent to .

If you want to keep the mail private, send it to .

3.3. How can I report a bug?

Please follow the guidelines provided at: http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=139143.